Please use this website to research any of the philosophers below.
Plato on justice, rights, and the ideal State (hint: not a democracy) Aristotle on justice, rights, and democracy Hobbes on the Social Contract, especially regarding sovereignty, punishment, and the State of Nature Locke on the Social Contract (but understand his foundations in empirical knowledge and natural theology, which grounds rights) Rousseau on the Social Contract Kant on rights, duties, and his formulation of morality encompassing both, The Categorical Imperative Mill on democracy, utility, free speech, and the Harm Principle Marx on justice, equality, societal values, revolution, and more Rawls on a new, pluralist approach to the Social Contract and “justice as fairness,” including the Original Position / Veil of Ignorance, the First and Second principle of Justice, democracy, neo-Kantianism Maslow on value, especially his Hierarchy of Needs |
de Beauvoir on ethics and gender Berlin on ethics (especially pluralism) and politics Dewey on moral and political pragmatism and democracy Hayek on freedom Hegel on Hegel Hume on the Social Contract Arendt on democracy and totalitarianism bon morality and law Dahl on democracy Schumpeter on democracy Kierkegaard on reason Aquinas on Natural Law and Just War Theory Popper on anti-Platonism Sartre on freedom and ethics Habermas on democracy and deliberation Nozick (especially against Rawls) on rights, freedom, and the Social Contract Foucault on rights and justice (especially concerning criminality and punishment) Beccaria on criminal justice and punishment Bentham on Utilitarianism Rand on Objectivism, especially as it concerns morality and freedom |
